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说明；Oracle9i数据库的Data Guard 特性确保对数据进行完整的保护,是Oracle 9i的一个关键特性之一．Data Guard可以创建物理的Standby数据库，也可以创建逻辑的Standby数据库,还可以混合使用，灵活性比较强．这个文档是Fenng练习时候记下来的东西，谈不上是什么心得．*这不过是一份安装过程中的笔记而已* 如果对这个有更高的期望，或者想得到关于Oracle数据库的data guard 和Standby的更多信息，请参考官方的文档． 系统环境：Windows 2000 专业版 SP3 512M 内存 现有的数据库实例（Primary）名字：Demo 预创建的Standby 数据库实例名字：Pstandby 数据库版本信息： SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER ---------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production CORE 9.2.0.1.0 Production TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production 准备工作 首先确认Primary数据库是否在归档模式下 SQL> show user USER is "SYS" SQL> SQL> archive log list Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination d:oracleoradatademoarchive Oldest online log sequence 42 Next log sequence to archive 44 Current log sequence 44 如果不在归档模式下，调整数据库。 首先提交命令修改SPfile： SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_START=TRUE scope=spfile; 然后关闭数据库实例 SQL>SHUTDOWN 备份数据库 SQL>STARTUP MOUNT SQL>ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG; SQL>ALTER DATABASE OPEN; SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE 备份 1. Primary Database 需要做的准备工作： 1.1 激活 Forced Logging SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING; 1.2 设置本地归档目标 SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=D:oracleoradataDEMOArchive' SCOPE=BOTH; 此操作直接生效 2.创建物理的Standby数据库 2.1 标记出Primary数据库的数据文件
SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME ----------------------------------------------------- D:ORACLEORADATADEMOSYSTEM01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATADEMOUNDOTBS01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATADEMOCWMLITE01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATADEMODRSYS01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATADEMOEXAMPLE01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATADEMOINDX01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATADEMOODM01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATADEMOTOOLS01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATADEMOUSERS01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATADEMOXDB01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATADEMOOEM_REPOSITORY.DBF 11 rows selected. SQL> 2.2 关闭Instance 拷贝数据文件到既定目的地 SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE; 2.3 为Standby 数据库创建控制文件 SQL> ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS 'C:DataGuardPstandbyDEMODEMOSTANDBY.CTL'; 要注意这个控制文件的名字不要和Primary的控制文件名字重复 2.4 为Standby数据库准备初始化参数文件名字： SQL> CREATE PFILE='C:DataGuardPstandbyDEMOinitpstandby' FROM SPFILE; 2.5 设定初始化Physical Standby Database参数 *.aq_tm_processes=1 *.background_dump_dest='D:oracleadminDEMOdump' *.compatible='9.2.0.0.0' *.control_files='C:DataGuardPstandbyDEMODEMOSTANDBY.CTL' *.core_dump_dest='D:oracleadminDEMOcdump' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_cache_size=19922944 *.db_domain='' *.db_file_multiblock_read_count=32 *.db_name='DEMO' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=DEMOXDB)' *.fast_start_mttr_target=300 *.hash_area_size=1048576 *.hash_join_enabled=TRUE *.instance_name='pstandby' *.java_pool_size=20971520 *.job_queue_processes=10 *.large_pool_size=7340032 *.log_archive_dest_1='location=d:oracleoradatademoarchive' *.log_archive_start=TRUE *.open_cursors=300 *.optimizer_mode='FIRST_ROWS'
*.pga_aggregate_target=17825792 *.processes=150 *.query_rewrite_enabled='TRUE' *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.shared_pool_size=33554432 *.sort_area_size=1048576 *.star_transformation_enabled='TRUE' *.timed_statistics=TRUE *.undo_management='AUTO' *.undo_retention=10800 *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' *.user_dump_dest='D:oracleadminDEMOudump' lock_name_space=pstandby standby_file_management=AUTO remote_archive_enable=TRUE standby_archive_dest='C:DataGuardPstandbyDEMOArchive' db_file_name_convert=('D:oracleoradataDEMO', 'C:DataGuardPstandbyDEMO') log_file_name_convert=('D:oracleoradataDEMO', 'C:DataGuardPstandbyDEMO') log_archive_dest_1=('LOCATION=C:DataGuardPstandbyDEMOArchive') 整个操作的过程中，容易出现错误的地方几乎都集中在此处。必须认真仔细的对待这个文件。标记为黑色的地方是需要进行修改的。 2.6 创建一个Windows服务 WINNT> oradim -NEW -SID Pstandby -STARTMODE manual 2.7 Create a Server Parameter File for the Standby Database 可参考执行如下操作： C:>set oracle_sid=pstandby C:>sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect / as sysdba SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE='C:DataGuardPstandbyDEMOinitPstandby.ora'; 2.8 启动物理Standby数据库 C:>set oracle_sid=pstandby C:>sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect / as sysdba SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT; SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE; 2.9 在Standby数据库上，初始化Log Apply 服务: SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION; 2.10 激活到物理Standby数据库的归档 SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=Pstandby' SCOPE=BOTH; SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE SCOPE=BOTH; 2.11 启动远程归档
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT; 3.安装完的的验证： 3.1在database, 查询V$ARCHIVED_LOG (其实也可以直接到相关目录下查看Log是否创建): SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME 2 FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#; SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME ---------- ---------- ---------- 38 23-7? -02 23-7? -02 39 23-7? -02 23-7? -02 40 23-7? -02 23-7? -02 41 23-7? -02 23-7? -02 42 23-7? -02 23-7? -02 3.2 在Primary数据库上，归档当前的Log SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT; 3.3 验证是否收到： SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME 2> FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#; SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME ---------- ---------- ---------- 38 23-7? -02 23-7? -02 39 23-7? -02 23-7? -02 40 23-7? -02 23-7? -02 41 23-7? -02 23-7? -02 42 23-7? -02 23-7? -02 43 23-7? -02 23-7? -02 3.4 验证是否新的归档Redo日志已经被应用： SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log 2 order by sequence#; SEQUENCE# APP ---------- --- 38 YES 39 YES 40 YES 41 YES 42 YES 43 YES OK.表明我们还是成功的。暂时告一段落。 参考文档 Oracle Data Guard Concepts and Administration Release 2 (9.2) Part Number A96653-02 附加内容： primary数据库的Pfile内容： *.aq_tm_processes=1 *.background_dump_dest='D:oracleadminDEMOdump' *.compatible='9.2.0.0.0' *.control_files='D:oracleoradataDEMOCONTROL01.CTL', 'D:oracleoradataDEMOCONTROL02.CTL','D:oracleoradataDEMOCONTROL03.CTL' *.core_dump_dest='D:oracleadminDEMOcdump' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_cache_size=19922944 *.db_domain='' *.db_file_multiblock_read_count=32 *.db_name='DEMO' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=DEMOXDB)'
*.fast_start_mttr_target=300 *.hash_area_size=1048576 *.hash_join_enabled=TRUE *.instance_name='DEMO' *.java_pool_size=20971520 *.job_queue_processes=10 *.large_pool_size=7340032 *.log_archive_dest_1='location=d:oracleoradatademoarchive' *.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PSTANDBY' *.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE' *.log_archive_start=TRUE *.open_cursors=300 *.optimizer_mode='FIRST_ROWS' *.pga_aggregate_target=17825792 *.processes=150 *.query_rewrite_enabled='TRUE' *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.shared_pool_size=33554432 *.sort_area_size=1048576 *.star_transformation_enabled='TRUE' *.timed_statistics=TRUE *.undo_management='AUTO' *.undo_retention=10800 *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' *.user_dump_dest='D:oracleadminDEMOudump' 创建过程中的可能的错误：待续
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